Poppa and Me go to Church

Hi everyone    did you miss me   I will tell you anothr story about my poppa.  
My daddy say I spel better   daddy went to school with me   daddy sit in back of class write on paper   the teacher  say to daddy  you want to ask the class  quetion , daddy say no  thank you  he  was  visit   she say you can tell the class  things , daddy look at her  say he come to see why  I did not spell  good  mrs Jarvis  say somethng  daddy got up walk to door   mrs Jarvis   say  read your  book  daddy say take my time   to get  right letter  if it take  long time   daddy say write  here like I do on paper  I will learn  the letter  .

I will tell you about poppa when we was in chuch  last year easter sunday  , poppa  sing solo  evey year  name  old rug cross  people like to hear poppa sing  , I sing old rug cross with poppa  this easter I sing old rug cross by myself  I say this is for my poppa    people cry  I finsh  I say poppa I love you .

Now for my story  , i sit between poppa  and uncle  Harvey   , lady was sit back of poppa   she say poppa  was sit on end   she  tell poppa to get over  she was  sit with him  the lady sit  with poppa   she want to talk  poppa  say  you need to be quiet  poppa put me in the seat next to her  the lady  look at poppa  , my uncle was talking  how we can be beter people  he talk a long time  some time he  talk lod  he jump up and down   poppa was sleep  poppa was snore .
The people  on stge  start sing   a lady got up  start sing real loud   poppa jump up  and start sing  the old rug cross  the lady  stop sing   the  man start play the music to old rug cross , poppa  and me walk to the front  sing   the people  say amen  they cry  poppa  sing  the song so good  , he sing  it at churh  every easter , my poppa  went to heavn  6  month ago  sometime  I know poppa is near me 
Poppa love  good food   poppa love sweets  mama cook  food that poppa like   mama cook  a lot  of  food  put it in frezer  poppa would get it  for  us to eat   poppa  uncle Harvey   mr Larry  go to  house   tel bubba  and me to see what  is there  they would get it   run  we would eat it    mema  catch  them  they run  uncle Harvey fall down   his but is  in the air   aunle harvey  say poppa  help me , poppa  say  he will be back when mema go away with her  belt  mr Larry say  Harvey got the chickn   poppa say    Man get the chicken and run   your mema can not  run good   
I got  chickn  look back mema was  on the grond  laugh   poppa say get up Harvey  and run  Uncle  harvey  got up  run poppa say run like the devil is on your heel  
poppa go with mama   to take stuf to  flea markt  and shops  at the  hotel  to sell   somethig bite mama   poppa say mama  has dibete  she has to take care   a bug  kite mama   she  was feel funny  poppa tell mr  Mac   we had to get mama to the  hosptal    mama  start geting  big in the face  , mama  had reacton to  the bite   poppa  call daddy say he had  thing in ordr   poppa  say to daddy mama look like a big  fat drunk 
aunt Mae say popa come  talk  with her   daddy say  now  Mae that is gas    I say aunt  Mae  you leak gas  like poppa   aunt Mae say no   aunt Mae say to daddy   when you are on one of your trip in space  you may see poppa   daddy laugh  and said  he love poppa   he did  not want to see poppa   when his soul was out of his  body  , he know  he will have  poop his pants  daddy is so funny 
Poppa teach me how to pee like  a big boy standing up   I learn lot from poppa 
I  sit on my poty  poppa say  it time to pee like a big boy  poppa say tell him when I had to pee.
I say poppa  I have to pee   poppa and me went to the  bathrom  poppa say  you are not  big so stand up to your poty , poppa say when you finsh  you shake your gun   I finish  poppa say shake the gun   I shhok my  gun   poppa  say no no  that to hard   you will break  the gun  poppa  show me  how  to shake it soft  I say poppa  did you show daddy   poppa laugh  say your daddy did  like you  shake the gun to hard   your  daddy learn  I say poppa  I got litle gun  poppa say  you  is litle boy  when you grow  your gun will grow  do not  forget  to shake the  gun  soft .
I  am  nanook knght   we try teach peple climte change   it is not hard  talk to peple  we all need to  do our part  to help mother earth  .
My popa went to heavn 6 month ago    he will be with me forever   poppa said one day he would  have to go  see about  grandmama  Rosa    he will be near  to watch me  
Hope you like my story about poppa  I will tell you  more .
Knight  Man  C.

Mysterious Mars Rock may hold evidence of life

 

Countless science fiction stories revolve around life on Mars, and more than a few pseudo-scientists have found "proof" of life in odd Martian rock formations and camera glitches. But scientists take possible life on Mars seriously, and actually might have proof in the mysterious meteorite known as ALH84001.

The little meteor fell to Earth in 1984 and seemed like an interesting, albeit normal, meteor sample. With more study, scientists came to a shocking conclusion. The meteor was from Mars and was 4.1 billion years old. It was blown off the planet during a collision and traveled space since then, finally coming down to Earth. Even more shockingly, it had what looked like features of fossilized bacteria in it. Overnight, ALH84001 became the most famous meteor on Earth.
Since then, scientists have debated among themselves about the nature of the rock. Sure, it looks like there are bacteria embedded in it, but further study has proven inconclusive. It could just be remnants of mineral structures found on Mars all those years ago, or a fluke of geologic formation. What makes ALH84001 so amazing is that, even after thirty years of study, it's still a mystery. Scientists still take it very seriously, with groups even proposing that ALH84001 provides evidence that the Moon and other worlds could be littered with fossils knocked away from Earth by asteroid collisions. Possibly, the planets are constantly trading rocks through this mechanism, and maybe even trading life as well.
You would think that a claim of alien life in a meteor would get shut down rather quickly, but this little meteor still stumps scientists. Maybe they should try to reanimate the bacteria. Jurassic Park was

cool, but Martian Park would be 10 times cooler.

 

 

View of supposed  microbial life in Mars rock

 Does it look like a life-form to you

 

 Electronic view of a slice of another meteorite...similar wormy objects can be seen,

Is it proof of life on  other planets??\

What do you think?

 



Why Aren't We Finding Aliens .... Scientists have a theory

Supernova

Scientists might have found why there are so few aliens .... in fact, why there may be less life than we hoped, in any form, out there in the cosmos.
Life as we know it on Earth could be far more unusual than we previously thought, according to a new study. The research suggests that the universe is substantially lacking in phosphorus. This element is essential for some of the most fundamental behaviours of life itself. It helps us store and move energy around our bodies, and forms the foundation of DNA.
But the new research suggests we have enough phosphorus on Earth, only because we were close enough to a supernova to receive phosphorus bearing rocks from the explosion. Phosphorus is formed as stars explode at the end of their lives. But not all supernovae have the right conditions to create it.
 Earth may be unusually lucky, because it happened to be situated close enough to the "right" kind of supernova.
Astronomer Dr Jane Greaves, from the University of Cardiff, said: "The route that carries phosphorus to  new-born planets is rather precarious and does not happen often in exactly the right conditions.
"We already think that only a few phosphorus-bearing minerals that came to the Earth, probably in meteorites, were reactive enough to get involved in making proto-biomolecules ( the building blocks of life ). The phosphorus must be the kind that reacts with the elements already present on the planet.
"If phosphorus is sourced from supernovae, and then travels across space in meteoritic rocks, I'm wondering if a young planet could find itself lacking in reactive phosphorus simply because of where it was born in relation to supernovae."
"That is, it started off near the wrong kind of supernova? In that case, life might really struggle to get started out of phosphorus-poor chemistry, on another world otherwise similar to our own."
The evidence comes from observations of two supernova "remnants", Cassiopeia A (Cas A) and the famous Crab Nebula.
The team used the UK's William Herschel Telescope on La Palma, Canary Islands, to look for signatures of phosphorus and iron from the Crab Nebula, the aftermath of a supernova explosion 6,500 light years away in the constellation of Taurus.
A previous study had searched for phosphorus from Cas A, 11,000 light years away. Comparing results from the two observations showed much less phosphorus from the Crab Nebula than Cas A, which came as a surprise.
Dr Phil Cigan, another of the Cardiff astronomers, said: "The two explosions seem to differ from each other, perhaps because Cas A results from the explosion of a rare super-massive star."
The findings were presented at the European Week of Astronomy and Space Science meeting in Liverpool. The scientists now plan to continue their search to see if other supernova remnants also lack phosphorus.
Theoretically, if all the complicated elements, conditions, environments and requirements for life do not exist on a planet, then life cannot exist. And it is a far more rare occurrence than we previously believed. I wonder if that is a good thing or not.

The Sahara Desert Is Growing. Here's What That Means

By Mindy Weisberger, Senior Writer | March 29, 2018
The Sahara — the world’s biggest hot desert — is getting even bigger. In fact, it is currently about 10 percent larger than it was nearly a century ago, and scientists suggest that climate change is partly responsible.

In a new study, researchers examined rainfall data gathered across Africa, consulting records dating back to 1920 and noting how changing conditions affected regions around the boundaries of the great desert.

They discovered that while some natural climate cycles could partly explain reduced rainfall and desert expansion southward, human-driven climate change is also playing a part. And if climate change continues unchecked, the Sahara's slow growth will likely continue, the study authors reported. [The Sahara: Facts, Climate and Animals of the Desert]

 Previously, scientists had explored the Sahara's expansion by examining satellite data dating back to the 1980s. This study, which was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, is the first to analyze long-term trends in rainfall and surface air temperature over a timescale of nearly an entire century, the study's lead author, Natalie Thomas, a doctoral candidate in atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, told Live Science.

Deserts are defined as places on Earth that receive less than 10 inches (25 centimeters) of rainfall per year, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). With a surface area of about 3.6 million square miles (9.4 million square kilometers), the Sahara is the third-largest desert in the world. Only the cold deserts are bigger: icy Antarctica's frozen desert spans about 5.5 million square miles (14.2 million square km), and the Arctic desert covers around 5.4 million square miles (13.98 million square km), USGS reported.

"A strong expansion"
The study authors originally set out to examine seasonal cycles of temperature and rainfall across Africa, consulting data spanning 1920 to 2013. But their attention was quickly drawn to trends of decreasing precipitation in the Sahel, a semiarid region linking the Sahara to the savannas of Sudan. By looking at this more closely, they hoped to discover how rainfall trends might be linked to the Sahara's growth over time, according to Thomas.

To a certain extent, many deserts' boundaries expand and contract seasonally, as conditions fluctuate between wetter or drier. But the researchers found that there has been "a strong expansion" of the Sahara within the 20th century, Thomas said.

Depending on the season, the Sahara experienced growth of at least 11 percent, and it grew by as much as 18 percent during the driest summer months, according to data collected over roughly 100 years. Over the course of a century, it steadily expanded to become about 10 percent bigger than it was in 1920, the study authors reported.

Much of the Sahara's overall size increase can be explained by climate cycles driven by anomalies in sea-surface temperatures. These cyclical changes in turn affect surface temperatures and precipitation on land, and their impact can last for decades, according to the study.

Decades of drought
One such cycle, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), entered what is known as a "negative phase" — with cooler-than-average sea-surface temperatures — in the 1950s, bringing heat and dry conditions to the Sahel region and fueling a drought that lasted until the 1980s, Thomas said.

Using statistical methods, the scientists compensated for the effects of the AMO on average rainfall, and thereby calculated how much of the Sahara's growth could be explained by the dryness that the cycle's negative phase produces. They estimated that the AMO accounted for about two-thirds of the desert's expansion — but one-third of the Sahara's remaining growth was likely the result of climate change.

The researchers' findings point to changes that occur over decades rather than in a single year, and that makes it hard to predict exactly how the Sahara's continued growth could affect the wildlife and people near its changing borders. But as the places where humans grow food become increasingly drier, some areas could become more vulnerable to drought, bringing a greater risk of famine to the people who live there, Thomas said.

The findings were published online today (March 29, 2018) in the Journal of Climate.
Original article on Live Science
Thanx  Mindy 
Knight  Sha  C .

These Scientists Have a Wild Plan to Throw Salt into the Atmosphere. Here's Why.

Can salting the upper troposphere help cool the planet?
By Laura Geggel, Senior Writer | March 30, 2018 
Sprinkling large amounts of salt into the atmosphere could stave off climate change, a group of researchers has proposed.

They've suggested that, because salt is highly reflective, it could potentially reflect sunlight back into outer space, helping to cool the Earth, they wrote in a report presented at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas on March 21.

But other climate scientists aren't so sure. This idea falls into the category of geoengineering — a deliberate, large-scale attempt to change the environment as a means to counteract climate change. [Top 10 Craziest Environmental Ideas]


"It's an interesting idea," Michael Mann, a distinguished professor of meteorology at Penn State, told Live Science. But "most of these [geoengineering] schemes,though potentially appealing at the surface, are seen to be fraught with potential unintended consequences when you look at them in more detail."

Salty idea
The salty proposal is more of a last-ditch effort that could be used to offset climate change, in case humans fail to significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions, such as those of carbon dioxide, that are contributing to Earth's rising temperatures, Science magazine reported. The idea is to seed salt into the upper troposphere, the atmospheric layer most commercial airplanes fly over because of its weather conditions and clouds.

The idea was put forward, in part, by Robert Nelson, a senior scientist at the Planetary Science Institute, a nonprofit whose scientists study planetary systems, including the solar system.

Their proposal is hardly the first geoengineering idea out there. Other scientists have considered injecting tiny particles known as aerosols into the stratosphere, the region above the troposphere, as a way to cool the planet, Science magazine reported.

In effect, these particles — whether aerosols or kitchen table salt — could act like natural aerosols that cool the planet after a volcanic eruption. For instance, a series of stupendous eruptions from the Icelandic volcano Eldgjá from A.D. 939 to 940 led to one of the coldest summers the Northern Hemisphere had experienced in 1,500 years, Live Science previously reported.

However, many of the aerosols scientists have suggested using, such as diamond dust or alumina, are harmful to the ozone (a layer that protects the Earth's surface from some of the sun's ultraviolet rays) and human health. But in 2015, while studying evaporated salts on the surfaces of solar system bodies, such as the dwarf planet Ceres, Nelson realized that table salt was a possibility. It's more reflective than alumina and harmless to humans. In addition, if it were ground up into small particles and released into the upper troposphere, the salt would not block infrared heat released by Earth, which also helps the planet cool, he said.

But this proposal is still in its early stages, scientists told Live Science.

"It is hard to emphasize enough just how much further research would be needed to verify its applicability," said Kelly McCusker, a climate scientist at Rhodium Group, an independent research firm in New York City.

For starters, salt (NaCl) contains chlorine, "which is a constituent of ozone-depleting CFCs [chlorofluorocarbons] — so this could actually worsen ozone depletion," Mann said. While ozone depletion does not cause climate change, it's harmful to human health because it lets ultraviolet radiation into Earth, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists.

Simone Tilmes, a project scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, added that salt often includes iodine, a reactive element that could not just impact ozone chemistry in the troposphere but also affect chemical reactions in the stratosphere.

Moreover, "the salt's reflectance has thus far been measured in a laboratory setting, and we don't know how its properties would change upon delivery (through a nozzle or some other device)," McCusker told Live Science in an email.

It's also unclear "how much [salt] would be needed to be deployed to reduce surface temperature, or how it would interact with water vapor, clouds and the atmosphere in general, to name just a few unknowns," McCusker said. [Doomsday: 9 Real Ways Earth Could End]

McCusker and Mann agreed that the best way to fight human-caused climate change is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.

"The only safe way to tackle climate change is to address the root cause — our continued reliance on the burning of fossil fuels," Mann said.

Nelson couldn't be reached for comment, but told Science magazine that he plans to further study salt's properties to see how feasible the project is. What's more, he would like to engage with the public before implementing the salty mission, he said. But Nelson also acknowledged that salt can't solve Earth's long-term climate change challenges.

"This is a palliative, not a solution, somewhat analogous to the application of morphine in a medical situation," he and his colleagues wrote in the report.
Original article on Live Science.
Thanx Laura
Knight Jonny  C .